ეკრანი და ლიტერატურა
kinomcodneobaSi gavrcelebuli azris mixedviT, ekranizaciebis warmatebis sawindari originalisadmi erTgulebaSi Zevs. arsebobs kidev ufro gavrcelebuli Sexeduleba, romlis mixedviTac kinematografistis amocana mTargmnelis funqciis identuria da amasTan, amgvari pozicia iqamdec daiyvaneba, rom klasikuri literaturis nawarmoebebi sityvasityviT unda iTargmnos literaturuli enidan kinoenaze. Tumca, kinomcodneobaSi gavrcelebuli terminebi "Targmani” naklebad Tu asaxavs ekranizaciebis Zireul princips. ufro marTebuli iqneboda agveRniSna, rom is , ara imdenad mTargmnelia, ramdenadac prozis, poeziis an dramis kinematografiuli xerxebiT momyoli (avtor-reJisoris niWierebis Sesabamisad). saerTod, warmatebisaTvis ufro met SesaZleblobebs SedarebiT naklebad cnobili literaturuli nawarmoebis ekranizaciebi iZleva, meorexarisxovani mwerlebi da meorexarisxovani nawarmoebebi , xSirad, kargi filmis Seqmnis sawindaria, vinaidan imisaTvis, rom sagani xelaxla gadmosce axal, kinematografiul formaSi, saWiroa sawyis etapze daangrio misi sawyisi prozauli struqtura. didi nawarmeobebi ki rTulad eqvemdebareba rogorc ngrevas, aseve axlebur Senebas. dRes, kinematografs ZaluZs literaturis yvela Janris ekranizacia dawyebuli mcire formidan – moTxrobidan , Tu novelidan – damTavrebuli romanuli formiT . mis interesebSi , ara mxolod literaturuli proza da dramaturgia moeqca, aramed poeziac.
klasikuri literaturis (da ara mxolod klasikis) ekranze gadatanis ramdenime forma arsebobs:
1. rodesac avtori, reJisori cdilobs ekranze zustad gadaitanos pirvelwyaro (es "sizuste” garkveuli pirobiTobis matarebelia, vinaidan improvizaciebis xarisxi _ pirvelwyarodan daSoreba SesaZloa varirebdes, dialogi mdidrdebodes, an ikumSebodes, calkeuli situaciebi icvlebodes, an zustdebodes, iseve, rogorc piesis dadgmis dros);
2. rodesac avtori nawarmoebis motivebs iyenebs da sakuTari dramaturgiuli interpretaciebiT avsebs;
3. rodesac reJisori mwerlis ramdenime nawarmoebis sinTezs axdens.
rTulia ganisazRvros, Tu romelia yvelaze metad nayofieri gza, vinaidan "klasika” jer kidev ar gulisxmobs missive tolfasi ekranuli nawarmoebis Seqmnas. xelovneba naklebad eqvemdebareba warmatebisaTvis zusti formulebisa da receptebis gansazRvras, vinaidan rogorc wesi, ekanizaciebis SesaZleblobebi, ara imdenad literaturul pirvelwyarozea damokidebuli, ramdenadac reJisoris SemoqmedebiT individualobaze.
"SesaZloa, vikamaToT klasikis Tanamedrove wakiTxvaze, Janrebze, reJisorul gadawyvetaze, kinoxerxebze, maT SesaZleblobebaze da sazRvrebze, msaxiobebis SerCevaze, arCeuli teqstis adaptirebis principebze. magram ar SeiZleba daviviwyoT mTavari – mwerlis mxatvrul naazrevSi da mis poetikaSi reJisoris SeRwevadobis xarisxi, amis gareSe SeuZlebelia CaeSva, imgvarad rTul warmoebaSi, rogoric klasikis ekranizaciaa”. [i]
daaxloebiT 50-ian wlebSi, klasikuri literaturis nawarmoebisadmi mimarTvis kidev erTi meTodi gaCnda, romelic dRemde inarCunebs aqtualobas. filmis avtorebi iyeneben ra piesis, moTxrobis an romanis siuJetur kolizias da dramatul konfliqts (romlis moqmedebac iSleba sxva epoqaSi, sxva socialur garemoSi, SesaZloa, sxva qveyanaSic _ mkveTrad gansxvavebuli erovnuli niSnebiT gamoirCeva), cvlian epoqas, socialur garemos, siuJeti gadatanilia sxva erovnul sarCulze. marTebulia , Tu ara amgvari xerxi klasikasTan mimarTebaSi? romeli mxatvruli Ziebebis, an esTetikuri moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad iqmneba isini? yvela es kiTxva sakiTxis socialur gadamuSavebas moiTxovs. dRes ki , saxezea am meTodis gamoyenebis, rogorc primitiuli magaliTebi, aseve saintereso, kinoxelovnebis WeSmariti nimuSebic. l.viskontis filmSi "TeTri Rameebi”, romelsac dostoevskis amave saxelwodebis nawarmoebi daedo safuZvlad, moqmedeba gadatanilia Tanamedrove livornoSi, dostoevskis gmirebi ki Cveni drois italielebad gadaiqcnen. 1958 wels germaniaSi gamovida reJisor koitneris filmi "danarCeni _ siCume”, sadac "hamletis” siuJeti Tanamedrove bonSi TamaSdeba. aranakleb rTul metamorfozebs daeqvemdebara klasikuri literature , iseTi reJisoris SemoqmedebaSi, rogoric a.kurosavaa. dostoevskis "idiotis” moqmedeba meore msoflio omis Semdgom iaponur qalaqSi inacvlebs, xolo u.Seqspiris "makbeti” Sua saukuneebis iaponur atmosferos asaxavs. qarTuli yofiT aris gaJRenTili klod tiles romanis "Cemi biZia benJamenis” ekranuli versia g.danelias filmSi "ar daidardo”. igive iTqmis m.zoSCenkos novelis mixedviT q.xotivaris mier Seqmnil kinoigavze "serenada”, sadac mTavari gmiris sulieri Seupovroba, masze gacilebiT fizikurad Zlier avTandiloviCsac ki motexavs, anda l.pirandelos novelebis motivebis mixedviT reJisor i.kvirikaZis mier Seqmnili "qvevri”. moqmedeba gadmotanilia mkveTrad erovnuli niSnebiT gajerebul qarTul yofaSi. eqscentruli istoria xelosnis qvevrSi moxvedris Taobaze, sinamdvileSi ki igavi, romelic konkretulad, qvevris patronis sixarbeze da zogadad, adamianur SezRudulobaze mogviTxrobs.
Tu , „ xelosan " reJisorebTan modernizacias, mxolod realisturi principebis tipur garemoSi tipuri xasiaTis rRvevamde mivyavarT, WeSmarit ostatebTan amgvarive cdebis Sedegi maRalmxatvrul nimuSebTan ziarebaa.
ekranizaciis problema ar iarsebebda yvela reJisori niWieri rom iyos, acxadebs a. bazeni. klasikuri literaturis ekranuli istoria grZeldeba, vinaidan mkiTxvel-mayurebels bunebrivad surs CvenSi Cabudebul CveneulTan Sexvedra. saxifaToa tradiciis gareSe darCena, anu mexsierebis, kulturis gareSe. is, rom "CveneulTan” Sexvedris survili arsebobs, es sxva araferia, Tu ara kulturuli, sulieri TviTSenarCunebis maRali instiqti.
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