ნანა დოლიძის პერსონალური საიტი

მედიაკრიტიკის პატრიარქი

defaultNick — Sat, 01 Feb 2020 11:05:48 GMT

mediakritikis patriarqi

ნანა დოლიძე

“gindaT gaigoT ras vfiqrob televiziaze?

Tu gindaT ESeinaxoT erTi nawyveti ebraul-berZnul-renesansul-saganmanaTleblo-modernistul-dasavluri civilizaciisa, maSin girCevniaT aiRoT culi da daamsxvrioT yvela es mimarTuleba.”

marSal maklueni

aRsaniSnavia, rom cnobili mediamkvlevari erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli masobrivi sainformacio saSualebis –televiziis momxmarebeli da televizoris aqtiuri mayurebeli arasodes yofila.

herbert marSal maklueni (1911-1980) – kanadeli ganmanaTlebeli, filosofosi, mecnieri, inglisuri literaturis profesori, literaturuli kritikosi, komunikaciebis Teoritikosi, sociologi.

mas uwodes “dasavleTis inteleqtualuri kometa”, “eleqtronuli saukunis winaswarmetyveli”, “niutonis da froidis Semdeg yvelaze didi moazrovne”, “mediakritikis patriarqi”, “popkulturis winaswarmetyveli”, “eleqtronuli epoqis mama”, romelmac mTeli misi kariera miuZRvna masobrivi komunikaciis saSualebebis sazogadoebaze zegavlenis kvlevas. Mman jer kidev meoce saukunis 60-ian wlebSi iwinaswarmetyvela media saSualebebis roli da Sedegi sazogadoebaze, maSin roca televizia jer arc ki arsebobda, xolo personaluri kompiuteri oci wlis Semdeg gaCnda.Mmisi cnobili gamonaTqvamia: “Tavdapirvelad Cven vqmniT teqnologiebs, xolo Semdeg teqnologiebi gvqmnian Cven.” maklueni iyo pirveli, romelmac gvamcno axali realobis gaCenis ESesaZlebloba, sadac vebserfingi, daklikeba, momentaluri reaqcia sakuTari miRwevadobis SegrZnebaa, rom samyaro am eleqtronul sivrceSi sofeliviT pataraa. mas arasodes ar enaxa, magram iwinaswarmetyvela teqstis da eleqtronuli mediis sinTezi rogorc axali media saSualebis Seqmnis safuZveli_ dRes Tanamedrove samyaroSi mas saerTaSoriso qseli(interneti) ewodeba. mravalTaTvis maklueni masobriv sainformacio saSualebaTa kvlevis istoriaSi dRemde kontroversiuli pirovnebaa. misi Sromebi masobriv komunikaciaTa gavlenis Sesaxeb gamoicema kanadasa da evropis mTel rig qveynebSi.

Hherbert marSal maklueni daibada 1911 wels, kanadaSi, q. edmontonSi. 1934 wels, manitobas provinciis universitetis damTavrebis Semdeg mas mieniWa xelovnebis magistris wodeba, xolo kembrijis universitetis damTavrebis Semdeg- filosofiis doqtoris xarisxi inglisuri enisa da literaturis specialobiT. 1948 wlidan maklueni iwyebs masobrivi informaciis procesebis Seswavlas fsiqologiis, sociologiis, istoriis, ekonomikur mecnierebaTa da fiziologiis TvalsazrisiT. 1963 wlidan xelmZRvanelobs torontos universitetis kulturisa da teqnikis Semswavlel centrs. igi aris kembrijis universitetis humanitarul mecnierebaTa profesori, xelmZRvanelobs mTel rig proeqtebs kanadasa da amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi. makluenma mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula Tanamedrove komunikaciebis Teoriis ganviTarebaSi. Mmisi wyalobiT sazogadoebas gauadvilda eleqtronul epoqaSi da teqnologiur bumSi masobrivi media saSualebebis zegavlenis Secnoba da aRqma maT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi.

mecnieris kvlevebi amtkicebs, rom nebismieri media saSualeba informaciis Sinaarsis ganurCevlad axdens gansxvavebul zegavlenas sazogadoebaze. magaliTad, ambavi Tu istoria, romelic weria wignSi, TamaSdeba scenaze, usmenen radioSi, uyureben filmis saxiT, gadmoicema televiziiT Tu aRiqvamen komediur JanrSi, TiToeul am media saSualebas aqvs sakuTari, damaxasiaTebeli zegavlenis moxdenis unari da sasaubro ena, am princips Tanamedrove eniT exmianeba makluenis cnobili fraza “ media saSualeba –es Setyobinebaa”.

termini “globaluri sofeli”(1968). pirvelad gaJRerda vindam luisis naSromSi “amerika da kosmiuri adamiani”(1948). Mmakluenis am naSromma didi mRelvareba da qaosi gamoiwvia dasavleTis qveynebis samecniero wreebSi. Tanamedrove realobaSi ‘globaluri sofeli” aris metafora, romelSic igulisxmeba televiziisa da SemdegSi saerTaSoriso qselis(interneti) mier Seqmnili garegnuli samyaro, sadac Cven eleqtronuli teqnologiebis saSualebiT mTel dedamiwaze gavagrZeleT sakuTari nervuli sistema. Mmakluenis zriT, Tanamedrove komunikaciis saSualebebi, rogoric aris televizia da radio axdens komunikaciis globalizacias socialuri fenis yvela momxmareblis saSualebiT, romlebic am teqnologiebis meSveobiT martivad ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs da axdenen azrTa intensiur gacvla-gamocvlas. Mmaklueni xazs usvams, rom adamianebs Soris arsebuli fizikuri siSore ar UuSliT maT xels komunikaciur aqtivobaSi da qselis gamWvirvalobis saSualebiT isini amyareben erTmaneTTan kontaqts, ganixilaven socialur sferoSi arsebul sxvadasxva sakiTxebs. Ddabolos, maklueni askvnis, rom masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi (teqnologiebi) xels uwyobs globaluri komunikaciis konglomeracias (gaerTianebas).

miuxedavad imisa, rom maklueni toponimad moixseniebs globalur sofels, terminSi igulisxmeba istoriuli periodi da ara adgili, romelsac win uZRoda “gutenbergis galaqtika”(1962)(qronologiuri periodis sxva geografiuli aRniSvna). es iyo naSromi, sadac makluenma Tavisi filosofiuri Sexedulebebi istoriaze pirvelad Camoayaliba da ganacxada, rom sazogadoebis ganvTareba ganpirobebulia swored urTierTobebis, komunikaciuri saSualebebis ganviTarebiT, rac gansazRvravs sazogadoebrivi yofierebis yvela sxva danarCeni aspeqtis ganviTarebas.

Suasaukuneebis berma iohan gutenbergma yurZnis sapresi aparati sabeWd dazgad aqcia mxolod imitom, rom bibliis gavrcelebisTvis Seewyo xeli. Sedegad ki komunikaciis axali sferos_gutenbergis era daiwyo anu beWdvis Zalauflebis era, romelsac makluenis azriT win uZRoda kacobriobis “tomobriv safuZvleze cxovrebis xana” da romelsac Caenacvleba “markonis galaqtika”(italieli mecnieri, romelmac safuZveli Cauyara eleqtronul televizias)_eleqtronuli civilizacia. meoTxe etapad kacobriobam eleqtronuli civilizaciis fazidan gadainacvla Tanamedrove epoqaSi, romelsac “globaluri sofeli” hqvia, sadac komunikaciis da informaciis miReba-marTvis saSualeba aris televizia. “gutenbergis galaqtika”, iseve rogorc “globaluri sofeli” aixsneba masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis teqnologiuri inovaciebiT. “eleqtronuli urTierTdamokidebulebis” epoqaSi urTierTobis eleqtronulma saSualebebma adamiani informaciis gigantur nakadSi moaqcia, romliTac xeli Seuwyo mas “Tavis TavSi moecva mTeli kacobrioba”, mieyvana adamiani gvarovnuli mTlianobis aRorZinebamde da dabruneboda igi garSemomyofebTan kontaqts, amdenad, planeta erT gigantur soflad iqca.

makluenis azriT eleqtronuli revolucia ramodenime etapze ganxorcielda. sawyisi etapi iyo eleqtronuli teqnologia, romelic socialuri Terapiis rols asrulebda. man Seqmna socialuri urTierTobebis axali etapi, sadac proporcia da simaxinjeebi swordeba. Eeleqtronuli civilizacia is pirveli aRmoCnda, romelic socialur cvlilebebs ganapirobebs_masobrivi komunikaciebis saSualebebs kulturas karnaxoben. sainformacio teqnologiebi, romlebic SeerTebulia audiovizualur xerxebTan qmnis mTel samyaros qcevaTa modelebs.

makluenis azriT, komunikaciis saSualebebis swrafi tempiT ganviTareba, rac uzrunvelyofs adamianebis mier informaciis miRebas umokles droSi, iwvevs sazogadoebis savaldebulo integracias msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebSi da ufro da ufro zrdis maT globalur pasuxismgdRevandeli adamiani cxovrobs ara danawevrebul izolirebul samyaroebSi, aramed kulturebisa da samyaros erTianobaSi. radios, televiziisa da SemdegSi internetis mier Seqmnili garegnuli saxe aris makluenis sofeli, sadac masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebis globalizaciam mTeli msoflio daaxlova erTmaneTTan, patara soflis msgavsad, sadac yvela erTmaneTs icnobs. Eeleqtronuli sistema axdens planetis integracias, aaxloebs da Slis sazRvrebs Qqveynebs Soris, qmnis msoflios suraTs , sadac yvela saubrobs Tavisuflad da informaciis gavrcelebas ar gaaCnia sazRvrebi. globaluri komunikacia qmnis garemos, sadac erTad urTierTqmedeben mwarmoeblebi. iqmneba axali socialuri organizmi, sadac vizualuri beWdviTi kultura sruldeba da gadadis eleqtronul epoqaSi: beWdviT kulturas Caenacvleba eleqtronuli sainformacio saSualebebi, kacobrioba individualizmidan gadava koleqtiur individualizmze_“tomobriv safuZvelze”. Mmakluenis azriT, swored eleqtronul medias Seswevs unari sazogadoebis yvela rasis da fenis warmomadgeneli gaaerTianos. eleqtronuli media aris koleqtiuri erTobisken dabrunebis gza.M

makluenis azriT, E”eleqtronuli bumis” epoqaSi, Tanamedrove adamians Tavisi arsebobis manZilze pirvelad mieca saSualeba dainaxos garemo. “Tu adamiani grZnobebis arsenalze SeigrZnobs axali, eleqtronuli garemos zemoqmedebis xasiaTs, is SeZlebs cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoSi cvlilebebis swarafad gansazRvras da winaswarmetyvelebas”- acxadebs maklueni. arsebobs azrTa sxvadasxvaoba imis Sesaxeb, rom aris Tu ara saerTaSoriso qseli (interneti) “globaluri soflis” ideis matarebeli. Tanamedrove Teoritikosi glen vilmoti avrcelebs azrs, rom makluenis idea globaluri soflis Sesaxeb aris damkvidrebuli kliSe, romelic ar iTvaliswinebs mmarTveli mTavrobis mier saerTaSoriso qselis korufcias da qseluri informaciis korporatiul kontrols. Aaseve, is xazs usvams “globaluri soflis” koncefciis problematikas: Tu sazogadoebis yvela fena erTnairad ar sargeblobs internetiT, an saerTod moklebulia qselur informacias sxvadsxva mizezTa gamo da Sesabamisad ver iReben monawileobas globalizaciis procesSi, maSin “globaluri soflis” koncefcia realurad moklebulia im azrs, rom Tanamedrove sainformacio saSualebebi xels uwyobs sazogadoebis integracias erT gigantur, eleqtronul sivrceSi. masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebi aseve gamoiyeneba sociumis dasayofad. magaliTad, mecnier-mkvlevarebis marSal val alstinis da erik braijolfsonis Sexedulebis mixedviT, Tanamedrove masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebi realurad floben sazogadoebis integraciis potencials, romelic emyareba swored marSal makluenis “globaluri soflis” koncefcias, magram igive sainformacio saSualebebs SeuZlia moaxdinos sazogadoebis fragmentacia, radgan, amavdroulad sazogadoebas martivad SeuZlia segregacia da sxvadasxva interesTa jgufebad Camoyalibeba. A

axali revoluciis mamoZravebel Zalas eleqtronuli komunikaciebis saSualebebi warmoadgenen, pirvel rigSi televizia. makluenma masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebi dayo or jgufad: “cxeli” sainformacio saSualeba (radio, kino), romelic mayurebels gonebrivi muSaobisTvis minimalur SesaZleblobebs utovebs, “civi” sainformacio saSualeba ki piriqiT, mayureblisgan moiTxovs met CarTulobas da met Tanamonawileobas, (telefoni, televizia, metyveleba, interneti). Sesabamisad, orive saxis sainformacio saSualebebi sxvadasxva saxis zegavlenas axdens sazogadoebaze da iwvevs gansxvavebul Sedegebs. magaliTad, Tavis droze hitlerma swored radios saSualebiT moaxerxa ganaTlebuli germanelebis daClungeba. Aamitomac aris naTqvami: brZanebebi radioTi gadaeciT, TxovnebisTvis ki televizias mimarTeT.

dRes komunikaciis saSualebebi mniSvnelovania informaciaze, anu informaciis Sinaarsi damokidebulia imaze, Tu romeli saxis sainformacio saSualebiT gadmoicema informacia.: televiziiT, radioTi Tu gazeTiT.

Mmasobrivi sainformacio saSualebebidan yvelaze popularulia televizia, romelic adamianis fsiqikaze seriozul zegavlenas axdens. maklueni ayalibebs Tavis Sexedulebebs televiziis, rogorc masobrivi sainformacio saSualebis specifikis Sesaxeb. misi azriT informacia garkveulad “ayalibebs sazogadoebas”, e.i. auditorias, romelic Tavis mxriv warmoadgens nebismieri sainformacio saSualebis dedaazrs. teleauditoria gansxvavdeba sxva masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebis auditoriisgan. Aadamiani televizorTan ar aris mxolod mayurebeli, igi xdeba movlenaTa Tanamonawile, anu teleauditoria samyaros kameris obieqtivis saSualebiT ki ar uyurebs, aramed “mimdinare movlenebs SeigrZnobs sakuTar binaSi, an TviTon gadadis movlenaTa uSualo adgilebSi”. swored ise, rogorc amerika-vietnamis omis dros “televiziam omis sisastike misaRebi OoTaxis komfortSi Semoitana, vietnami swored amerikelebis sastumro oTaxebSi daikarga da ara TviT vietnamis brZlis velze”. televiziis meSveobiT xdeba auditoriis da informaciis axleburi dakavSireba. Mmaklueni miiCnevs, rom “obieqturobis idealis” Seqmna “miukerZoebeli mayureblis interesebisTvis” aris “informaciobanas Zveleburi TamaSi”. Tanamedrove eleqtronul samyaroSi ki obieqturi axali ambebi yvelaze metad damokidebulia xedvaze. Aam mxriv , televizia , sxva sainformacio saSualebebTan SedarebiT meti ndobiT da upiratesobiT sargeblobs, radgan igi umal zemoqmedebs adamianis grZnobebze.

teleinformaciis efeqturobis moTxovna aseve gamomdinareobs televiziis Sedarebidan presasTan. Ppresa axdens momxdaris gadmocemas zogad analizs, televiziis kvlevis sagani ki aris ra xdeba mocemul momentSi, igi umal erTveba movlenebSi. Aamitom televiziam mTavari yuradReba unda miaqcios procesebis gadacemas. “is rac moxda presis saqmea, rac xdeba televiziis”-acxadebs maklueni. Mmisi azriT, televizias gazeTisgan gansxvavebiT ufro Seefereba “sasiamovno” axali ambebi, amas iTvaliswinebs televiziis specifikac da telemayureblis molodinic, romelic miiCnevs, rom usiamovno, axali cnobebi “civ” teleekranze ufro cudad aRiqmeba, amitom mayurebels urCevnia usiamovno informacia gaigos gazeTis saSualebiT, radgan “namdvili axali ambebi”, gazeTisTvis cudi ambebia. gazeTis specifika aris sazogadoebis arsis Cveneba, igi movlenebs, sagnebs aCvenebs sazogadoebis Signidan. Mmecnieris azriT, gazeTebisa da Jurnalebis saukeTeso nawilia axali ambebis reklama, Tumca mas aqvs erTi nakli, rom yovelTvis sasiamovno informaciis matarebelia. imisTvis, rom kargis efeqti gawonaswordes, gazeTSi bevri cudi informaciac unda gavrceldes. Aamitom, sainformacio saSualebebis mflobelebi yovelTvis cdiloben sazogadoebas miscen is, rac maT surT, radgan grZnoben, rom maTi Zala aris komunikaciis saSualebaSi da ara SinaarsSi. Aanu makluenis sityvebiT: “sainformacio saSualeba-es Setyobinebaa”.

media -adamianis gagrZeleba”(1964)- aris pirveli naSromi, romelic swavlobs da ikvlevs cnobil gamonaTqvams: “komunikaciis saSualeba-es Setyobinebaa”. Aam cnobil frazaSi igulisxmeba Semdegi, rom“saSualeba es Setyobinebaa, radgan saSualeba ayalibebs da akontrolebs kacobriobis moqmedebis masStabebs da formebs.”masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebi Sinaarsisgan damoukideblad axdenen zegavlenas sazogadoebaze da es aris misi funqcia. aseve aq igulisxmeba yvela xelovnuri sainformacio saSualebis zegavlena sazogadoebaze, mis cnobierebaze. Mmaklueni miiCnevs, rom es sainformacio saSualebebi warmoadgenen adamianis gagrZelebas, romelic aZlierebs adamianis Sesabamisi organos moqmedebas da amasTan mis garemomcvl samyarosac gardaqmnis. Nsxvanairad rom vTqvaT, nebismieri sainformacio saSualebis socialuri ESedegi aris adamianis SesaZleblobebis ganvrcoba-gafarToeba, gazrda, romelic Tavis mxriv gamomdinareobs axali teqnologiebis zegavlenis Sedegad Cveni SesaZleblobebis da cnobierebis gazrdili masStabebidan. AMAKLUEmakluenis azriT, adamianis grZnobata organoebi erTgvar balansSi arian da yovelma axalma saSualebam daarRvia saukunovani balansi. Mmag: fonetikuri anbanis gamogonebam komunikaciuri bumi gamoiwvia. adamianis cnobierebis ganvrcoba-gafarToebaSi, igive adamianis gagrZelebis procesSi monawileobas iRebs individis sruli fsiqologiuri da socialuri kompleqsi.

swored sakomunikacio teqnologiebi gansazRvravs makluenisTvis ama Tu im social-ekonomikuri sistemis arsebobas. jer kidev “gutenbergis galaqtikaSi” miuTiTa man , rom industriuli sazogadoebis ganviTareba, ekonomikuri, socialur-politikuri infrastruqturebis Seqmna SeuZlebeli iqneboda komunikaciuri cvlilebebis gareSe, am yvelafers ki dasabami beWduri presis gamogonebam daudo, Semdgom ki eleqtronulma revoluciam da globalizaciis procesma gaagrZela.

miuxedavad mkacri kritikisa, misi sayovelTaod aRiarebuli koncefciebi gaxda mravali sociologis, maT Soris z.bzeJinskis doqtrinis “teqnotronuli era” safuZveli, romelsac miaCnda, rom urTierTobis uaxlesi saSualebebidan swored telexedva qmnis superkapitalistur civilizacias. Dmis doqtrinas safuZvlad makluenis komunikaciuri ETeoria daedo.

aRsaniSnavia, rom am cnobili mediamkvlevaris arcerTi naSromi ar aris Targmnili da gamocemuli qarTul enaze. Tumca, misi kvlevebi udavod sagulisxmo da mniSvnelovan asaxvas hpoveben Tanamedrove sociologiis, Jurnalistikis, televiziis da reklamis mkvlevarTa mosazrebebsa Tu TeoriebSi.

პროპაგანდა ქართულად

defaultNick — Sat, 02 Mar 2019 14:29:12 GMT

პროპაგანდა ქართულად

ნანა დოლიძე

televizia yvelaze masobrivi da informaciis miRebis yvelaze popularuli saSualebaa. amasTan, mZlavri politikuri zemoqmedebis instrumenti, rasac obieqturi teqnikuri xerxebic emateba. teqstis, musikisa da moZravi gamosaxulebis fenomens yuradRebis mobilizebis, gafantvis an gadarTvis, emociebis marTvis, sazogadoebrivi azrisa da ganwyobis formirebaSi mniSvnelovani roli akisria da arc is aris SemTxveviTi, rom masobrivi komunikaciis saSualebebs meoTxe xelisuflebad naTlaven. televiziiT mowodebuli informacia yovelTvis ufro damajerebelia auditoriisaTvis, vidre Teoriuli an ideologiuri xasiaTis argumentebi. saqarTveloSi warmoebuli satelevizio saarCevno politika gansakuTrebuli TaviseburebebiT gamoirCeoda, romelic postsabWouri qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebel, warsulidan aRorZinebuli tradiciisa da importirebuli, axlad SeZenili maRalprofesiuli teqnologiebis sinTezs warmoadgens. sabWouri tradicia, upirvelasad, satelavizio sivrcis marTvis meTodebis, saarCevno Sedegebis daTvlisa da dadgomis gacxadebaSi , xolo importirebuli, yvela im danarCeni satelevizio teqnologiis gamoyenebaSi gamovlinda, romelic aqtiurad iyo CarTuli winasaarCevno procesebSi. nebismieri Zalaufleba, im resursebis sistemaa, romlis saSualebiTac saerTo mizani miiRweva. saarCevno kompania, Sesabamisad sxva araferia Tu ara, am resursebis SenarCuneba, an gadanawileba an ki dapyroba, rogorc materialuri, aseve Zalovani, inteleqtualuri, adamianuri da rac mTavaria sainformacio resursebis. saxelisuflebo struqturebs kolosaluri sainformacio resursebis mobilizeba SeuZliaT da maTi saSualebiT arCevnebSi yovelTvis mimarTaven im teqnologiebs, rac maT momgebian poziciaSi Caayenebs. mayureblis cnobierebis dacva propagandistuli teqnologiebisgan sakmaod rTulia. winasaarCevnod, rusul internet-saitebze specialuri proeqtic ki gaCnda ,,interneti teleekranis winaaRmdeg” (1), romelic mkiTxvelisaTvis, swored im sqemebis gaxsna-gaSifrvas isaxavda miznad, romelsac rogorc adgilobrivi, aseve ucxoeli piarteqnologiebi manipulirebisaTvis iyeneben. Tumca, nebismieri amgvari calkeuli proeqti am problemas ver gadacyvets, vinaidan tyuili yovelTvis iwyeba iq, sadac wesebis axsnas iwyeben. amasTan, manipulirebis xarisxi pirdapir kavSirSia auditoriis garkveul jgufebad daxarisxebis sakiTxTan. aq, SeiZleba gamovyoT ganaTleba, asaki, profesia, sqesi da a. S. SesaZlebelia YTu ara adamianebis garkveuli jgufi gansazRvruli saxiT moqmedebisaTvis ganawyo, anu daaprogramo maTi qceva?- amisaTvis upirvelesi da aucilebeli principi satelevizio sivrcis mowyobis gansakuTrebuli meTodis SerCevaa. winasaarCevno vnebebis dasacxromad ,,idealuri” garemoa, rodesac politikuri istebliSmenti cdilobs demokratiis Zireul principebis sityvis Tavisuflebisa da informaciis Tavisufali gavrcelebis dacvas. Tumca, qarTul satelevizio sivrceSi calkeuli televiziebis roli iqamde davida, rasac Tavis droze sabWoTa propaganda asrulebda. nebismieri mcdeloba ki oficialuri sainformacio politikisagan gansxvavebuli politika ewarmoebinaT, mkacrad daisaja. amis magaliTia telekompania ,,maestro”-saTvis licenziis modificirebaze uaris Tqma. miuxedavad, mauwyeblobis SezRuduli formisa da teqnikuri saSualebebis simwirisa, qarTul satelevizio sivrceSi ,,maestro Seecada movlenebi komentaris gareSe eCvenebina. amasTan, Toq-Sou ,,Jurnalisti”, romelic analitikuri tipis gadacema iyo eTeridan moixsna (rasac boikotis uprecedento forma moyva klasikuri musikiT respodentebis saubris gadafarva).

dRes ukve naTelia rom arCevnebSi warmateba ara imdenad imazea damokidebuli Tu ramdenad damajerebelia an gamarTulia amaTuim politikuri Zalis ideologiuri programa,
aramed imaze Tu ramdenad kargad aris organizebuli sainformacio saSualebebSi saarCevno Sou, romlis Semadgeneli nawili xdeba satelevizio axali ambebis politika, politikuri Toq-Sous saxesxvaobebi da satelevizio politikuri reklamis industria. mayurebeli televiziisgan garTobas elodeba da amitomac movlenebis SerCeva martivi, ubralo struqturiT xdeba, anu iseTis, romlis centrSic konfliqtia. politikac ekranidan ubralo, iol saqmed aRiqmeba, romlis warmoebac TvalisdaxamxamebaSia SesaZlebeli, amgvari iluzoruli midgomisTvis ki ,,idealuri” garemoa aucilebeli, romelsac qarTulma satelevizio sivrcem ,,warmatebiT” gaarTva Tavi _ adresati mayurebeli izolirebuli unda iyos gare gavlenisagan. idealuri iqneboda totalitaruli zemoqmedebis modeli _ anu sruli ararseboba alternatiuli arakontrolirebadi wyaroebisa(2). Tumca, am wesis dacva dRevandel sainformacio garemoSi SeuZlebelia internetisa da beWduri mediis wyalobiT, romelsac Tavisuflebis xarisxis gacilebiT maRali niSnuli aqvs vidre televizias. amitomac, aucilebeli gaxda mayureblisTvis damoukideblobis iluziis Seqmna mravalarxianobis, mravalferovnebis, Sesabamisad Tavisufali arCevnis SesaZleblobis, mxolod garegnuli niSnebis damkvidrebiT. realurad ki, mTeli es sistema wamyvan ideologias eqvemdebareba, xolo informaciis mowodebis erTaderT, radikalurad opoziciuri wyaros arseboba, rogoric aris telekompania ,,kavkasia”, mauwyeblobis SezRuduli SesaZleblobebiT, am fonze ,,demokratiuli xmauris” elfers iZens. amave mizans emsaxureboda winasaarCevnod ,,rusTavi 2-s” arxze Seqmnili ori Toq-Sou ,,upasuxe xalxs” da ,,samkuTxedi”, sadac Tavisufali diskusiis garegnul formas, mkacrad gansazRvruli, parametrebSi moqceuli politikuri pozicia iyo amofarebuli, sadac gauTavebeli SekiTxva da moulodneli informaciis gaJRereba, rac Toq-SousTvis tradiciulad aris damaxasiaTebeli, SeuZlebeli iyo. politikuri Toq-Sou yvelaze reitingul telegadacemaTa rigs ganekuTvneba, masSi politikuri reklamis ganTavsebis Rirebulebac maRalia, Sesabamisad fasiani reklama ,,rusTavi 2”-is arxze, mxolod xelisuflebas hqonda. saqarTvelos satelevizio bazarze politikuri reklamis amgvari fasic (mag: ,,praimtaimSi” 30 wm-iani reklama 16000 dolari Rirda) blokirebis iribi meTodia, fasebi reitings mieba, reitingi ki propagandistul iaraRad iqca.

rogor Suqdeboda winasaarCevno kampania satelevizio arxebiT, monitoringis erT-erTi umartivesi meTodi _ rodesac iTvleba ama Tu im subieqtisaTvis daTmobili drois jamuri raodenoba, naTlad miuTiTebs disbalansze. mag: arCevnebis bolo kviras ,,nacionalur moZraobas” 3 saaTi, mTel opoziciur speqtrs ki ori saaTi daeTmo. Tumca, monitoringis es meTodi arasrulyofilia da srulad ver asaxavs im obieqtur realobas, romlis demonstrirebac sruli sisavsiT, Tundac 20 maisis 3 saaTiani ,,kurieris” gamoSvebaSi Sedga. 12 siuJeti, rac 40 wuTamde dros moicavda ,,nacionaluri moZraobis” saqmianobas miuZRvna, 3 ki opoziciisas, romlis saerTo dro 4 wuTs ar aRemateboda. is, rom politikuri partiebi araTanabar pirobebSi iyvnen Cayenebulni, arc politikuri liderebi Suqdeboda erTgvarovnad TvalSisacemi realoba iyo. Tumca, esec winasaarCevno mizanmimarTuli strategiis mxolod Semadgeneli nawilia. axali ambebis samsaxuri, reklama _ rogorc fasiani, aseve ufaso, rogorc politikuri aseve socialuri, arapolitikuri gadacemebis saarCevno subieqtebis interesebSi gamoyeneba, mag: ,,Wadrakis dafa”, ,,videopatruli”, ,,pulsi”, ,,mzis dartyma”, opoziciuri arxebis simwirem da maT mierve arasworad SerCeulma sareklamo taqtikam, romelic ZiriTadad negativze iyo agebuli, satelevizio bazris monopoliis pirobebSi, saarCevno teqnologiebidan satelevizio manipulirebis meTodebi ufro efeqturi gaxada da praqtikulad momgebian poziciaSi Caayena. TvalSisacemia, rom Cveni sazogadoebrivi cxovrebidan gandevnilia ideebis Sepirispirebis saSualebiT politikuri arCevanis gakeTebis SesaZlebloba. satelevizio sivrce aRmoCnda is adgili, sadac winasaarCevno programa, problemebis dasma, Tu maTi gadawyvetis alternatiuli gzebis dasaxva Seicvala calkeul politikosTa imijTa konkurenciiT, romelic aseve sareklamo biznesis principiT igeba. rodesac 1960 wels jon kenedim saarCevno kompaniisTvis mTeli sareklamo saagento daiqirava, wamyvani formula iyo ,,Tu Sen ar miReb me aseTs, rogoric var, maSin gavxdebi iseTi, rogoric ginda rom daminaxo”(3). es formula gaxda lozungis ,,saqme laparakis nacvlad” faruli laitmotivi. amomrCeveli unda darwmunebuliyo imaSi, rom xedavs imas risi danaxvac surs, iRebs imas, risi miRebac surs. politikurma figuram, partiam an winasaarCevno gaerTianebam unda moipovos xalxis interesebis gamomxatvelis tituli. am titulis mosapoveblad aucilebelia kandidatisa Tu partiis kritikis praqtikuli SeuZlebloba, kandidatis pozitiuri imiji da sainformacio resursebi. saxelisuflebo partiam am SemTxvevaSic momgebiani satelevizio strategia SeimuSava, rodesac maJoritari kandidatebis sareklamo kampania moculobiT bevrad aRemateboda partiis sareklamo kampanias. politikosisTvis prioritetulia ekranze gamoCenis faqti da ,,saxis” mayureblis cnobierebaSi CabeWdva, rac maTi ekranze Cvenebis sixSiris pirdapirproporciulia. amitomac, ufaso politikur sareklamo rgolebs daemata fasiani sareklamo rgolebic, romelzec rTulad ikiTxeboda an saerTod ar figurirebda partiis saxelwodeba. wina planze wamoiwia saarCevno nomerma 5, romelTanac dakavSirda ,,pozitiuri saxe-simboloebi” warmatebuli mSeneblebis, bankirebis, meRvineebisa Tu eqimebis. cnobierebaSi xdeboda ,,Camagreba” nomeri xuTis, 50 dgis, 50 Tvis, 5 nabiji socialuri stabilurobisaken, 5 nabiji dasaqmebisaken, 5 nabiji mosaxleobis dasasaqmeblad, erT-erTi kandidatis saarCevno Stabis satelefono nomeric ki xuTi xuTianisagan Sedgeboda. analogiuri meTodi, nawilobriv ,,respublikuri partiis” sareklamo rgolSic gamoiyenes: ,,30 kanonproeqti pirvelive 30 dReSi”, romelic ,,respublikuri partiis” 30 wlis iubileze gacxadda, Tumca am Setyobinebis Casamagreblad arc mowodebis sixSire, anu materialuri resursi da arc ,,idealuri garemo”, romelic pirvel SemTxvevaSi arsebobda da maT ar gaaCndaT.

winasaarCevnod gacemuli dapirebebi manipulirebis mniSvnelovani xerxia. miuxedavad Sinaarsobrivi erTferovnebisa, romelic kandidatebis Tu mTlianad partiis sareklamo rgolebSi ikiTxeboda yoveli maTgani mimarTuli iyo amomrCevlis yofiTi problemebis mogvarebaze, xolo Tu ramdenad aris es dapirebebi Sesrulebadi, sakiTxi dRis wesrigidan ixsneboda, vinaidan axali ambebis nebismier SetyobinebaSi formula: problema-momentaluri gadawyveta-efeqturad muSaobda. amgvari iyo skverebis, moednebis, samarSruto xazebis gaxsnis, sadarbazoebis SeRebvisa da sazeimo gaxsnis ceremoniebi. mwvave socialuri problemebisagan yuradRebis gadatanam da ,,ubralo adamianis” anu ,,Cvenianebis” ampluaSi TamaSma, Cvenive yofiTi problemebis mosagvareblad, arsebuli sinamdvile xelovnurad Seqmnili satelevizio realobiT Caanacvla.

, ganxorcielebis taqtika _ faruli, faqti yovelTvis SefuTulia da ise mowodebuli, vinaidan misi gamJRavnebis SemTxvevaSi aqcia CaSlilad iTvleba. amgvari iyo xurCaSi momxdari incidentis satelevizio versia, romelmac arCevnebis dRes bevri SekiTxva Riad datova. magaliTad: megruli teqsti, (4)sazogadoebis cnobierebiT manipulireba teqnologiad iqca da Cvens sinamdvileSic gaCndnen profesionalebi, romlebic misi ganxorcielebis meTodebs srulad an nawilobriv floben. maTi mTavari mizani adamianebze zemoqmedeba da maTi qcevis marTvaaromelic semdgom sainformacio gamoSvebaSi aRar figurirebda (,,didi madloba, rom momkaliT”). saRamos, axali ambebis gamosvebebidan siuJeti saerTod iyo amoRebuli. Tumca mnisvnelovani am SemTxvevaSi ara Sinaarsis namdviloba, aramed auditoriis fsiqologiuri mobilizebis efeqti iyo, rasac saarჩevno ubnebze xelisuflebis mxardamWerTa ricxvis mateba mohyva, rogorc mosalodnel safrTxeze adeqvaturi zomebis mimRebis garantze.

Tanamedrove etapze Cven vuyurebT 008 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis obieqturad gaSuqebis mizniT urTierTgagebis memorandumsac moewera xeli, romelic Tavis mxriv gulisxmobda satelevizio arxebis politikuri Zalebisagan Tavisuflebas da neitralurobas. Tumca gvaviwydeba, rom isini saqmian sawarmoebs warmoadgenen, romlebic Semosavals sakuTari droisa da striqonis gayidviT iReben, es ki
niSnavs, rom maTi mousyidveloba mxolod miTia. erTaderTi arxi sazogadoebrivi mauwyebelia, romlis funqcionirebac sareklamo Semosavalze ar aris mibmuli, Tumca sakmarisia axali ambebis politikas mivadevnoT Tvali, rom savalalo obieqtur suraTad saxelisuflebo komerciuli arxebis ,,axali ambebis” SetyobinebaTa ara mxolod politikuri orientirebi, Sinaarsic da rigiTobac ki identuria. Canacvlebas imisa, rasac politika hqvia, simboluri politikiT. rodesac politikuri procesebi ara racionaluri kriteriumebiT, aramed maTi sanaxaobrivi mimzidvelobiT fasdeba. Setyobinebaze fsiqologiuri operaciis ganxorcielebiT, informaciaze kontrolis dawesebiT, dezinformaciis, faqtebis gadafarvis, SerCevis, sainformacio racionis gansazRvriT, arasaWiro informaciis miCumaTebiT da sinamdvilis obieqturi suraTis sanacvlod virtualuri realobis SeqmniT, Cveni satelevizio sivrce demokratiuli xmauris principebs iyenebs, xolo im Setyobinebas, romlis gaJonvasac Tavs ver daaRwevs mravalricxovani informaciebis dinebaSi SeumCnevel poziciaze gadaisvris. amgvari iyo opoziciuri partiebis mier mowyobili aqciebisadmi damokidebuleba, rodesac ukeTes SemTxvevaSi ,,axali ambebis” struqturaSi Setyobineba mexuTe, meeqvse adgilze inacvlebda. 2

aris Tu ara sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli sazogadoebis samsaxurSi? akmayofilebs Tu ara is im moTxovnebs, romelsac sazogadoeba uyenebs? am kiTxvaze pasuxi erTmniSvnelovania _ uaryofiTi, (rac calke ganxilvis Temaa). erT-erTi naTeli magaliTi imisa, rom mauwyebeli ,,Rirseulad” agrZelebs sabWour-totalitarul tradicias da is, rom mas aranairi ,,survili” ar gaaCnia sazogadoebis samsaxurSi moRvaweobisa, 26 maiss gaerTianebuli opoziciis mier gamarTul saprotesto aqciisadmi damokidebulebaSic gamJRavnda. saprotesto aqciis translireba pirdapir eTerSi mxolod telekompania ,,kavkasiaze” ganxorcielda. miuxedavad imisa, rom ,,moambis” yovel gamoSvebaSi CarTuli iyo mitingis amsaxveli reportaJi, sazogadoebis ukmayofileba da protesti faqtis gaumnivnelovnebam gamoiwvia. iseve, rogorc damoukideblobis dRisadmi miZRvnili aRlumi, mitingic 26 maisis dRis mnisvnelovani niusi unda yofiliyo. sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis pirdapiri eTeri ki jgufi ,,molokos” mier gamarTul koncerts daeTmo, am faqtis logikuri gagrZeleba ki sazogadoebis protesti iyo, romelic 27 maiss ,,sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis” Senobis win gamarTul aqciaze gamoixata.pirobebSi, rodesac mravalmilioniani sazogadoeba, ekonomikuri da teqnologiuri bazrebi, saxelmwifosa da ekonomikis mWidro kavSiri obieqturi realobaa, masobrivi komunikaciebis saSualebebiT sazogadoebis azris kontroli da marTva aranaklebmniSvnelovani faqtoria(5). magram politikis trankvilizatorad gadaqceva, mxolod garkveuli droiT axdens sazogadoebis loialobas xelisuflebis mimarT, Tu problema realurad ar wydeba, situacia adre, Tu gvian mainc Semotrialdeba socio-ekonomikur krizisad da maSin, miuxedavad komunikaciis saSualebaTa Zlevamosilebisa, obieqtur realobasa da virtualur realobas Soris arsebuli napralis Sevseba SeuZlebelia, rac metad aris simboluri politikis meqanizmebi amoqmedebuli, miT ufro mZafria adamianebisaTvis mware sinamdvilesTan Sejaxeba. და bolos, amerikis arasamTavrobo organizaciam ,, Tavisufalma saxlma” 2007 wlis angariSi, saparlamento arCevnebamde, ramodenime TviT adre gamoaqveyna, sadac mediis Tavisuflebis mxriv saqarTvelo 128-e adgilzea da aqcenti mediagaremos politizirebaze, prosamTavrobo arxebze xelisuflebis pozitiur imijze, damoukidebeli satelevizio ambebis gavrcelebisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvaze, mediamflobelebis Sesaxeb informaciis gaumWvirvalebaze miuTiTebdnen. situacia arsebiTad ar Secvlila, garda imisa, rom saparlamento arCevnebmac mediaTavisuflebis TvalsazrisiT CamonaTvals ramodenime gamuqebuli Strixi Semata, ramac sabolood Seqmna, swored is ,,idealuri garemo” romelmac sruli gamarjveba garantirebulad gadasca sainformacio resursebis erTmniSvnelovnad makontrolebel Zalas.

გამოყენებული ლიტერატურის სია:

www.patriotica.ru/actual/vahitov_5methods.html
Р. Харрис „Психология массовых коммуникаций" , Еврознак, 2001, 128. გვ
.www.pr-sp.ru/main/publications/public12.html
Шиллер Г. Манипуляторы сознанием. - М.: "Мысль", 1980. გ გვ. 204
Кара-Мурза Власть манипуляции С.Г. 2007 г. გვ. 83
20.05-05.06.2008 წლის პერიოდული პრესა. („რეზონანსი", „ალია"), ინტერნეტ რესურსი

გლობალიზაციის ზოგადი თავისებურებანი

defaultNick — Tue, 21 Jun 2011 10:57:09 GMT

თიკო კილაძე

globaluri teleqselebi
globalizaciis procesSi

globalizaciis zogadi Taviseburebani

XX saukunis miwuruls yvelam gaacnobiera rom msoflio marSal makluenis TqmiT marTlac erT did-"globalur soflad iqca”

globalizacia araerTgvarovani macduri cnebaa, am Temisadmi 1980
wlidan moyolebuli udidesi interesis miuxedavad misi zusti mniSvneloba dRemde
araa dadgenili. ase rom Tanabrad ixmareba procesis, politikis marketinguli
strategiis mdgomareobis an Tundac ideologiis aRsaniSnavad. Problemaa isaa rom
globalizacia gadabmuli da urTierT dakavSirebuli procesebis erTobliobaa, magram
amavedros es procesebi SeiZleba xSirad erTmaneTis sruliad sapirispiro da
sawinaagmdegoc aRmoCndes. Mmisi
gansazRvris saukeTeso mcdeloba mainc keniCi omaes (1989w)”msoflio sazgvrebis
gareSea”. saxelmwifoebs Soris tradiciuli
sazRvrebis ignorirebisa da Tavisufali mimosvlis Camoyalibebis garda, sxvadasxva
qveynebis xalxTa daaxloebasac asaxavs- warsulsSi arsebuli sivrcis gadalaxvis
problema dResdReobiT faqtiurad agarc arsebobs. ian Solte(2005) globalizacias sicilauri
sivrcis gadafasebasTan akavSirebda da amtkicebda rom saerTaSoriso kavSirebisa
da kontaqtebis gamo teritoriis cneba sul ufro da ufro kargad Tavis pirvandel
mniSvnelobas. magaliTad kompiuteris erTi marigi operaciis meSveobiT msoflios
garSemo udidesi raodenobis eleqtronuli fuli trialebs... anZebi da satelituri
danadgarebi satelefono gzavnilebisa da satelevizio programebis myisier
gadacemas uzrunvelyofen.

kulturuli globalizacia _ informaciis saerTo Rirebulebebis Tradiciebisa Tu Cveulebebis gacvla gamocvliT –erebs regionebsa da adamianebs Soris gansxvavebebis daqrobis
safrTxes aCens. Mmakdonaldizaciis procesi amis sauketeso magaliTia. Kkulturis
globalizacias xels egret wodebuli sainformacio revoluciac uwyobs. anu
satelituri komunikaciis, telekomunikaciebSi, sainformacio teqnologiebisa da
interenetis ganviTareba. Tumca kulturas globalizaciis mxardaceris garda misi
sekavebac SeuZlia da holivuduri filmebis naikis firmis sportuli aRkazmulobisa
Tu sratbaqsis yavis saxlebis momravlebasTan erTad adgilobrivi kulturisa da
Cveulebebis gaTvaliswinebac aucilebelia.

saukuneebis manZilze xalxebi Taviani TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas sakuTari erovnuli kulturis SenarCunebis fasad axerxebdnen swored errovnuli kultura da erovnuli ena iyo is ganmasxvavebeli niSani romelic ama Tu im xalxs sxvebisgan ganasxvavebda da erovnuli
idenTifikaciis saSualebas iZleoda. Aamdenad erovneba da erovnuli kultura
TiTqmis gaigivebul cnebebad aRiqmeboda da pirovneba maSin iTvleboda garkveuli
erovnebis warmomadgenlad roca amave erovnuli kulturis matarebeli iyo.
globalizaciis procesma es TiTqosda xelSeuxebeli sferoc moicva. bevris azriT
TandaTan qreba erovnuli kulturis unikaluri mravalferovneba da yalibdeba
globaluri zeerovnuli masobrivi kultura romelic sxva araferia Tu ara dasavleTis
kerZod amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis sirogatuli kulturis mTels msoflioSi
gavrceleba. Ee.i. erovnuli kulturebis
naclad yalibdeba kosmopolituri kultura sadac yvelaferi erovnuli ikargeba
sxvadasxva qveynebis mosaxleobas acvia erTnairad Camen erTsa da imave saCmels
(makdoldsizacia) svaven erTsa da imave sasmels (koka_kolizacia) usmenen erTsa
da imave musikas uyureben erTsa da imave filmebsa da telegadacemebs yovelive
amis Sedegad aqvT erTnairi Rirebulebebi da erTnairad fiqroben. Mmokled
yalibdeba uerovnebo kosmopoliti msoflio moqalaqe.

ბolo saukuneebSi dasavleTis dawinaurebam rogorc politikurad ise ekonomikurad da kulturulad Camoayaliba
RirebulebaTa sistema romelic dasavleTSi aRiqmeba universalur da ertaderT
WeSmarit sistemad amitom yvela sxva Sexeduleba romelic ewinaaRmdegeba dasavlurs
iTvleba ucxod da miuReblad. Aamocana swored isa rom moxdes dasavluri azrovnebis
dasavluri faseulobebis da dasavluri cxovrebis stilis sayovelTao globaluri
gavrceleba. Msoflios unda ecvas, Camdes, fiqrobdes afasebdes ise rogorc
dasavleTi. Ra Taqma unda amas ZaliT aravin axorcielebs magram dRevandeli
komunikaciis (da esec dasavleTis miRwevaa) ubrZolvelad usisxlod SeparviT da
SeumCnevlad xdeba dasavluri cxovrebis stilis damkvidreba.

Mmagram TviTon dasavleTic ar aris homogenuri da dasavlur erovnul kulturebs Sorisac
sakmao gansxvavebaa. Aamitom TviT dasavlur kulturebs Soris dapirispirebisas
upiratesoba politikurad da ekonomikiurad yvelaze Zlieri qveynis AaSS-is
mxarezea. Sesabamisad amerikuli kulturis dominant udavoa da vesternizacia
upirveles yovlisa amerikanizaciaa. Aamerikelebi amaSi arabunebrivs arafers
xedaven radgan miaCniaT rom amerikuli kultura ukve TviTonve warmoadgens
sinTezur kulturas romelic sxvadasxva (maTSoris zogierTi aradasavluri)
kulturebis Serwymis Sedegad warmoiSva.

cxadia sul sxva gvarad aRiqvamen dasavlur da
kerZod amerikuli kulturis moZalebas aradasavluri civilizaciebi maTTvis
amerikuli musika Tu teleserialebi makdonaldsi Tu koka-kola holivudi Tu CNN,
da rac mTavaria amerikuli liberalizmi da demokratia aris is iaraRi, romliTac
nadgurdeba maTi civilizacia, erovnuli kulturebi, religia, TviTmyofadoba da
identuroba. Aamitomac sul ufro da ufro met qveyanaSi Cndeba aSkarad
eqsremistuli, nacionalisturi Tu religiuli jgufebi, romelTa mizani amerikis da
saerTod dasavleTis gavlenis gaZlierebis winaaRmdeg brZolaa. marto islamisturi
organizaciebis gavrcelebac ki sakmarisia, raTa warmovidginoT is masStabebi, rac
dasavluri kulturuli imperializmis gavrcelebas da mis sawinaaRmdego moqmedebebs
mohyva.

globalizacia TavisTavad metad sakamaTo sakiTxad iqca. maSin, roca saxelmwifoebis meTaurTa umravlesoba globalizeburi ekonomikis Tavis sasargeblod gamoyenebas cdilobs,
xalxSi (ZiriTadad ganviTarebul, iSviaTad – ganviTarebad qveynebSi)
antiglobalisturi moZraobebi yalibdeba, aseTma danawilebam SeiZleba iTqvas,
tradiculi kapitalizmisa d socializmis – memarcxeneebisa da memarjvennbis
dapirispireba Secvala.

pirveli sakamaTo sakiTxi zogadad
globalizaciis da misi mamoZravebeli Zalebis arsebobaa. "morwmuneebs” dasturad

1980 wlidan kulturis, ekonomikis, mecnierebis Tu politikis sferoebSi
wamowyebuli, intensiuri, TiTqmis revoluciuri cvlilebebi mohyavT. aRsaniSnavia
Tavisufali vaWrobis zrda anu safinanso garigebebis da fuladi gadaricxvebis
simravle; sakomunikacio teqnologiebis ganviTareba da saerTo moTxovnis saqonlis
gamoCena, romelsac myidveli yvela qveyanaSi hyavs. ukidures SemTxvevaSi –
hiperglobalizmi – sayovelTao teqnikuri ganviTareba – Zalauneburad globalizacias
uwyobs xels da aqedan gamomdinare, procesic gardauvali xdeba. Tumca, 1990 wlis
(gansakuTrebiT ki 9/11-is) Semdeg – globalizacias mainc mouwia tempis dagdeba,
rac msoflio ekonomikis cvlilebebSi da sasazRvro dacvis gamkacrebaSi aisaxa.

yvelaze meti kritika mainc globalizaciis Sedეgs exeba
rac, mowinaaRmdegTa azriT gardauvali siRatake da mkveTrad gamoxatuli
uTanasworoba iqneba. maTi SefasebiT, globalizacia TamaSia: gamarjvebuli mxare
damarcxebuls Cagravs. zogadad am TamaSSi gamarjvebulad mravalnacionaluri
korporaciebi da ganviTarebuli qveynebi xdebian, magram mTlianobaSi mainc aSS
igulisxmeba. wagebuli ki ganviTarebadi qveynebi rCeba, sadac xelfasebi Zalian
dabalia, safinanso SezRudvebi – mcire an saerTod ararsbuli da sadac globaluri
bazrebi ufro da ufro met gavlenas iZens. maSin, roca amerika da sxva dasavluri
ekonomikis saxelmwifoebi 1980 wlidan udides progress aRweven, Rarib qveynebSi
cxovrebis standarti ukiduresad ecema.