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მთავარი » სტატიები » N2(6)-2015

ქართული სატელევიზიო სივრცის თავისებურებები

nana doliZe

 

 

qarTuli satelevizio sivrcis Taviseburebebi

 

 

 

 

 

Tanamedrove adamianis cxovreba warmoudgenelia televiziis gareSe, romelic ara mxolod informaciis miwodebis saSualebaa, aramed ganmanaTleblis funqciasac iTavsebs da mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs kidec dRevandeli kulturis xarisxs. adamianma drois gansxvavebuli aRqma daiwyo da misTvis mniSvnelovani `awmyo~ gaxda. aqtualuri exlandels, am moments, mimdinares, daukavSirda. televiziam droisa da sivrcis monopolizebisa da sruli aTvisebis pretenzia realobad aqcia da gaxda momentaluri, yvelgan SeRwevadi da yvelafris damnaxavi. is, rac mTeli dRis manZilze xdeboda presis saSualebiT aisaxeboda, saaTis ganmavlobaSi - radios daxmarebiT, dRes ki Tvalis daxamxabebaSi droSi distancia minimumamdea dayvanili. Cven aRar gvrCeba movlenebisaTvis Sesamzadebeli dro, vinaidan `is~ ukve `aq~ aris. `is~ mxolod mwiri arCevanis SesaZleblobas gvitovebs, an miviRoT, an uarvyoT. garkveuli ultimatumi, romlis winaSec dgeba Tanamedrove mayurebeli, erTveba pirdapir translaciaSi da eqvemdebareba mas. dro, romelic asaxavs dros. moqmedebis adgili realuri da ara xelovnurad Seqmnili, personaJebi _ namdvili adamianebi. translacia miwaze, haerSi, wyalSi, kosmosSi. televiziaSi Tanaarsebobis efeqti gacilebiT mZlavria, vidre kinematografSi. amasTan, mas ara mxolod Cveneba, aramed movlenebSi mayureblis CarTva da masze zemoqmedebis moxdenis SesaZleblobac gaaCnia.

`ajanyebis Cveneba ajanyebisken mowodebaa~,[1] _ nawilobriv amgvari Sexeduleba gamarTldeboda, rom ara Tavad satelevizio sivrceSi mravalaTasiani sistemis arseboba. Sesabamisad, erTi da imave informaciis mowodebis erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli interpretirebis SesaZlebloba (mag.: `vardebis revolucia~ pirdapir eTerSi gansxvavebul arxebze movlenebisadmi sxvadasxvagvar damokidebulebas avlenda), romelTanac pirdapir kavSirSia telemarTvaSi arsebuli gansxvavebuli modelebi da, amasTan, mniSvnelovania Tavad mayureblis kritikuli damokidebuleba ekranze nanaxisadmi.

televiziis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze mayurebelma TandaTan iswavla satelevizio informaciis pirobiTobis wakiTxva da informaciis gadamowmeba.

masobriv komunikaciaTa saSualebebis yovlisSemZleobis dasamtkiceblad orson uelsis radiodadgmis `samyaroTa omis~ magaliTs asaxeleben, sadac uelsis fantazia marsianelebze moTxrobil reportaJad iqca. msmenelebSi am faqtma masobrivi fsiqozi gamoiwvia da didi Zalisxmeva dasWirdaT, rom marsianelebis Camosvlis istoria gaeqarwylebinaT. 60-ian wlebSi holandiis radiosadgurebma eqsperimentis saxiT da mTavrobasTan SeTanxmebiT xalxs mesame msoflio omis dawyeba amcnes. Tumca es informacia mayurebelma sxva satelevizio arxze gadarTviT gadaamowma da sruli simSvidec SeinarCuna.[2]

gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis bolomde Cven samyaros 1/6-ze arsebuli erTiani satelevizio sivrcis wevrebi viyaviT. Caketil, SemosazRvrul sivrceSi arseboba praqtikulad SeuZlebels xdida gamefebuli ideologiis pirobebSi ara mxolod informaciis gadamowmebas, aramed Tavad faqtebze agebuli informaciis miRebas.

sajarooba sagazeTo revoluciiT daiwyo, presa gacilebiT saintereso iyo vidre cxovreba, Tumca Semdeg televizoris yureba kiTxvaze ufro saintereso xdeba da iwyeba sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis politizaciis epoqa. Cndebian axali saxeebi, axali satelevizio Janrebi, axali satelevizio arxebi da erTiani sakavSiro satelevizio sivrce nawevrdeba. komunisturi ideologiisagan gaTavisuflebul eTerSi saintereso procesebi iwyeba. ualternativo saxelmwifo televiziis (I arxi) gverdiT Cndeba komerciuli arxebi, romlebic saeTero sivrceSi sakuTari adgilis damkvidrebisaTvis ibrZvian, erTarxianidan mravalarxianze gadasvlis procesis Tanmdevi konkurencia da maRali reitingis mopovebaze zrunva.

telesivrceSi Cndeba mauwyeblobis is formebi da modelebi, romlebic danarCen msoflioSi arsebobda, Cndeba aseve satelevizio Janrebi _ politikuri da Tematuri Toq-Souebi, interviuTa sxvadsxva tipebi, telexidebi, teledebatebi, sapnis operebi, realiTi-Souebi, reklama da sxv. ideologiis diqtati reitingis diqtatiT icvleba.

90-iani wlebidan iwyeba axali ambebis personificirebis procesi (rodesac sainformacio gadacemaTa wamyvanebi cnobadi saxeebi, pirvelxarisxovani televarskvlavebi, xdebian), ganviTarebas iwyebs dokumenturi saeTero politika, mkvidrdeba mravalseriuli dramaturgia da izrdeba arxebs Soris konkurencia Tu vin ufro swrafad moaxerxebs Tamami, teqnikuri ideebis realizebas~.

masobrivi komunikaciebi masobrivi auditoriis gemovnebas ergeba da iwyeba samamulo produqciis importirebuli `maskulturiT~ Canacvlebis procesi. saganmanaTleblo da SemecnebiTma programebma naklebprestiJul dros gadainacvla an saerTod moixsna eTeridan. maT reklama ar yidulobda da, Sesabamisad, reitingisaTvis wamgebiani aRmoCnda. reitingi ki mauwyeblobis formirebis gadamwyvet faqtorad iqca.[3]

reitingisTvis brZolas igebs is, vinc ukeTesad arTobs da is, visi miwodebuli informaciac ufro axlos dgas sinamdvilesTan, is, visac uaxlesi teqnologiebis swrafi danergvis saSualeba aqvs. Sesabamisad, izrdeba satelevizio produqtis myidvelTa ricxvi da Tavisuflebis xarisxic, vinaidan komunikaciaTa WeSmarit Tavisuflebas mxolod sabazro urTierTobebi uzrunvelyofs.

qarTul telesivrceSi dRes arsebul satelevizio marTvis modelTa Soris sxvaoba ramdenime aspeqtiT ganisazRvreba. umTavresi da ganmsazRvreli maT Soris telearxis dafinansebis wyaroa, vis interesebs gamoxatavs igi da ra tipis mauwyeblobas eyrdnoba, ra urTierTobebi yalibdeba televiziasa da kulturas Soris.

msoflio samauwyeblo sivrceSi Camoyalibebuli sami wamyvani modeli _ komerciuli, sazogadoebriv-saxelmwifoebrivi da totalitaruli _ droTa ganmavlobaSi Seicvala  da Tanamedrove etapze gacilebiT konkurentunariani Sereuli tipis mauwyebloba aRmoCnda.[4] sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis da komerciulis urTieTqmedebam bunebrivi maregulireblis funqcia Seasrula. qarTul samauwyeblo sivrceSi ZiriTadad komerciuli da saxelmwifo dafinansebaze myofi telearxebi funqcionirebs, Tumca isinic kargaven mkveTr konturebs. televiziis subieqti sazogadoebaa da dRevandel etapze umTavresi xdeba gamoxatavs Tu ara is am sazogadoebis interesebs, Tu nomenklaturuli televiziis tradiciebis gamgrZeleblad iqceva. am TvalsazrisiT gacilebiT did xifaTs Seicavs da zemoqmedebis mZlavr berketebs igdebs xelT is komerciuli arxi, vinc am funqcias sakuTar Tavze aiRebs.

saxelmwifo televizia iseTi, rogorsac amas dasavleT evropa icnobs, sadac programaTa sufsidirebas mayurebeli yovelTviuri saabonento gadasaxadiT axdens, ekrans reklamis ganTavsebis aucileblobisagan aTavisuflebs da saSualebas iZleva sazogadoebis moTxovnebi gaiTvaliswinos. amerikaSi sazogadoebriv televizias dafinansebis sxvadasxva wyaro aqvs: sauniversiteto da municipaluri Senatanebi, saqvelmoqmedo Semowiruloba da reklama (PBS). gansxvavebiT sxva demokratiuli qveynebisagan saqarTveloSi ar muSaobs sazogadoebis devizi `me Tqven garCenT, Sesabamisad, me var damkveTi~. sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli rogorc warsulSi, aseve dResac arc saabonento gadasaxadiT da arc reklamiT ar finansdeba. formaciaTa cvlam arsebiTi kvali verc Tavisuflebis xarisxze datova, verc teqnikur da verc mxatvrul-esTetikur mxareze aisaxa. is im erTgvar somnambulur  mdgomareobaSi rCeba, romlisTvisac ucxoa `awmyo~-s gacnobiereba da miT ufro sareitingo brZolaSi Cabma. konkurenciis gareT darCenils mayureblis gareSe darCena emuqreba. sakadro politikaSi reformaTa warumateblobis mizezi arasdros ar aris direqtorati, vinaidan ara adamianebi gansazRvraven am sistemas, aramed Tavad sistema ikrebs im adamianebs, romlebSic maTi interesebis Sesabamisi Tvisebebi formirdeba. nomenklaturuli televiziis  upirvelesi nakli misi saxelmwifo kuTvnilebaSi arsebobaa.

aTwleulebis manZilze am tipis mauwyeblobaSi informacia faqtebisgan damoukideblad arsebobda da `faqtebs~ kategoriulad ekrZaleboda wamyvan msoflmxedvelobasTan dapirispireba. sinamdvile ekranze nakleb gavda im sinamdviles, romelic ekrans miRma arsebobda, nebismier dros SesaZlebeli iyi eTeridan, Tundac popularuli gadacemis moxsna ideologiuri momentebis gamo (es procesi CvenTan araerT komerciul arxzec aris SesamCnevi, dawyebuli politikuri debatebis, Toq-Souebis moxsnidan, damTavrebuli saerTod arxis daxurviT) da es yvelaferi, rogorc wesi, `saSualo mayureblis~ (abstraqtuli simbolo) saxeliT xdeboda, rodesac ara Tu calkeuli mayureblis an Tundac jgufis, aramed umravlesobis azrsac ki mniSvneloba ar hqonda. aRniSnuli tradicia dRemde grZeldeba da misi mizezebi ara SemoqmedebiTi kadrebis an Tanamedrove teqnologiebis simwirea, aramed sistema. telemarTvis is moZvelebuli modeli, romelic satelevizio arxs telesivrceSi damkvidrebisaTvis, konkuretunarian garemoSi reitingisaTvis brZolaSi monawileobis uflebas arTmevs.

istoriis yovel gardamtex moments, yovel axal istoriul etaps Tan sdevda axali sakomunikacio saSualebebiT Zalauflebis xelSi Cagdeba. dRes televizia warmoadgens Zalauflebis (politikuri, ekonomikuri Tu kulturuli) mopovebisaTvis brZolis yvelaze efeqtur saSualebas. politikosebi warmatebiT iyeneben Tanamedrove sakomunikacio saSualebebs. `tiraJirebuli sinamdvile~ da `tiraJirebuli kultura~ gansxvavebul elferes iZens telemarTvis gansxvavebul modelSi. dRevandeli qarTuli satelevizio sivrce mkveTrad polarizebulia. erT sibrtyeSi lagdeba telearxebi `imedi~ da `kavkasia~, meore mxriv, `sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli~, `rusTavi 2~, `mze~, `alania~, `aWara~, `saqarTvelo~. Cndeba religiuri arxi, musikaluri da samxedro arxebi. Tumca Yyvelaze mZlavr sakomunikacio vels ori arxi: telekompania `imedi~ da telekompania `rusTavi 2~ qmnis. mauwyeblobaSi sanaxaobis masobrivi formebi _ gasarTobi programisa da sainformacio `axali ambebis~ saeTero droSi gadanawilebis strategia gansazRvravs rogorc reitings, aseve arxTaSoris konkurenciis, mayureblisaTvis brZolis da gadabirebis ZiriTad saSualebebs. nebismieri satelevizio arxi, miuxedavad imisa Tu romel models ganekuTvneba, garkveuli ideologiuri funqciis Semsrulebelia, amave dros socialuri Terapiis funqciasac iTavsebs. mauwyebloba ara mxolod informaciisa da kulturis gacvlis saSualebaa, aramed faseulobebis Seqmnasac gulisxmobs.

arxTaSoris konkurencia sareitingo qulebis mopovebisTvis umTavresi pirobaa. Tavad konkurencias marTvis gansxvavebuli modelebis erT satelevizio sivrceSi arseboba ganapirobebs da maszea damokidebuli Tu vis interesebs gamoxatavs da vis interesebzea orientirebuli esa Tu is arxi. mayureblis gadabirebis meTodi saeTero politikis Semadgeneli nawilia e.w. `meniu~, romelSic prioritetuli adgili sanaxaobis masobriv formebs da   sainformacio `axal ambebs ukavia~. misi transportireba ki mayureblamde sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis gansxvavebuli teqnologiebis saSualebiT xdeba.  

 


[1] Кино:  методология  исследования; мосслва; 1984 г. стр. 216

[2] igive, gv.218

[3] Вартанов А.С. Актуальные проблемы телевизионного творчества, Мосслва, 2003 г.

[4]  Жост Ф. Телевидение на границах реальности, www. Kinozapiski.ru

 

 

 

naSromis mizania qarTul samauwyeblo sivrceSi arsebuli satelevizio marTvis modelebis principebisa da Taviseburebebis kvleva. ganapirobebs Tu ara esa Tu is modeli ama Tu im arxis konkurentunarianobas? rogoria Tanamedrove saeTero politika da ra gansazRvravs satelevizio arxebis sareitingo Skalas? ras niSnavs iyo aqtualuri? rogoria sainformacio saeTero politikisa da kulturis xarisxi?

istoriis yovel gardamtex moments, yovel axal istoriul etaps, Tan sdevs axali sakomunikacio saSualebebiT Zalauflebis xelSi Cagdebis procesi. dRes televizia warmoadgens Zalauflebis (politikuri, ekonomikuri Tu kulturuli) mopovebisaTvis brZolis yvelaze efeqtur saSualebas.   `tiraJirebuli sinamdvile~ da `tiraJirebuli kultura~ gansxvavebul elferes iZens telemarTvis gansxvavebul modelSi.

qarTul telesivrceSi dRes arsebul satelevizio marTvis modelTa Soris sxvaoba ramdenime aspeqtiT ganisazRvreba. umTavresi da ganmsazRvreli maT Soris telearxis dafinansebis wyaroa, vis interesebs gamoxatavs igi da ra tipis mauwyeblobas eyrdnoba, ra urTierTobebi yalibdeba televiziasa da kulturas Soris.

msoflio samauwyeblo sivrceSi Camoyalibebuli sami wamyvani modeli _ komerciuli, sazogadoebriv-saxelmwifoebrivi da totalitaruli _ droTa ganmavlobaSi Seicvala  da, Tanamedrove etapze, gacilebiT konkurentunarian, Sereuli tipis mauwyeblobad, Camoyalibda. sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis da komerciulis urTieTqmedebam bunebrivi maregulireblis funqcia Seasrula. qarTul samauwyeblo sivrceSi ZiriTadad komerciuli da saxelmwifo dafinansebaze myofi telearxebi funqcionirebs, Tumca isinic kargaven mkveTr konturebs. televiziis subieqti sazogadoebaa da dRevandel etapze umTavresi xdeba gamoxatavs Tu ara is am sazogadoebis interesebs, Tu kvlav nomenklaturuli televiziis tradiciebis gamgrZeleblad rCeba? 

Tanamedrove qarTuli satelevizio sivrce mkveTradaa polarizebuli. erT sibrtyeSi lagdeba telearxebi `imedi~ da `kavkasia~, meore mxriv, `sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli~, `rusTavi 2~, `mze~, `alania~, `aWara~, `saqarTvelo~. Cndeba religiuri arxi, musikaluri da samxedro arxebi. Tumca Yyvelaze mZlavr sakomunikacio vels ori arxi: telekompaniebi `imedi~ da `rusTavi 2~ qmnian. mauwyeblobaSi sanaxaobis masobrivi formebi _ gasarTobi programisa da sainformacio `axali ambebis~ saeTero droSi gadanawilebis strategia gansazRvravs rogorc reitings, aseve arxTaSoris konkurenciis, mayureblisaTvis brZolis da gadabirebis ZiriTad saSualebebs. nebismieri satelevizio arxi, miuxedavad imisa Tu romel models ganekuTvneba, garkveuli ideologiuri funqciis Semsrulebelia da, amave dros, socialuri Terapiis funqciasac iTavsebs. mauwyebloba ara mxolod informaciisa da kulturis gacvlis xerxia, is faseulobebis Seqmnisa da damkvidrebis saSualebacaa.

 

 

 

 

   

 

 
კატეგორია: N2(6)-2015 | დაამატა: defaultNick (16.04.2015)
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